//创建
    UIProgressView *progressView = [[UIProgressView alloc]initWithProgressViewStyle:UIProgressViewStyleBar];
    [self.view addSubview:progressView];
    [progressView release];
   
    progressView.frame = CGRectMake(20, 100, 300, 10);
   
    //属性progress决定值的大小
    //设置初始值
    progressView.progress = 0;

     //利用NSTimer
     //创建NSTimer
    NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.1 target:self selector:@selector(timerAction:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
  

-(void)timerAction:(NSTimer *)timer
{
    if (self.progressView.progress < 1) {
         self.progressView.progress += 0.01;
    }
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
   
    self.textView = [[UITextView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 667-80, 375, 80)];
   
    self.textView.delegate = self;
   
    self.textView.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:20];
   
    self.textView.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];
   
    self.textView.contentInset = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0);//添加滚动区域

    self.textView.text = @"习大大";
   
    self.textView.scrollEnabled = YES;//是否可滚动

    self.textView.editable = YES;//是否可编辑
   
    self.textView.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDefault;//返回键的类型
   
    self.textView.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeDefault;//键盘类型
   
    self.textView.scrollEnabled = YES;//是否可以拖动
   
    self.textView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;//自适应高度
   
    self.textView.layer.cornerRadius = 8; //边框设置为圆角
   
    self.textView.layer.borderWidth = 1;
   
//    设置边框颜色 参数2是一个数组 分别为三基色和alpha分量；
    CGFloat color[]={0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1};
    self.textView.layer.borderColor = CGColorCreate(CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB(),color);
    self.textView.layer.masksToBounds = YES;
   
//    [self.textView becomeFirstResponder];//获得焦点 程序运行就获取光标

    self.myView = [[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen]bounds]];
    self.myView.tag = 1000;
   
    [self.view addSubview:self.myView];
   
    [self.myView addSubview:self.textView];
   
    //注册通知,监听键盘弹出事件
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardDidShow:) name:UIKeyboardDidShowNotification object:nil];
   
    //注册通知,监听键盘消失事件
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(keyboardDidHidden) name:UIKeyboardDidHideNotification object:nil];
}

//将要开始编辑
- (BOOL)textViewShouldBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView{
   
    return YES;
}

//将要结束编辑
- (BOOL)textViewShouldEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView{
   
    return YES;
}

//开始编辑
- (void)textViewDidBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView{
   
}

//结束编辑
- (void)textViewDidEndEditing:(UITextView *)textView{
   
}

//焦点发生改变
- (void)textViewDidChangeSelection:(UITextView *)textView{
   
}

//内容发生改变编辑
- (void)textViewDidChange:(UITextView *)textView{

}

//内容将要发生改变编辑

//控制输入文字的长度和内容，可通调用以下代理方法实现
- (BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range replacementText:(NSString *)text{
   
    if (range.location>=100){
        //控制输入文本的长度
        return  NO;
    }
    if ([text isEqualToString:@"\n"]) {
        //禁止输入换行
        return NO;
    }
    else{
        return YES;
    }
}

// 键盘弹出时
-(void)keyboardDidShow:(NSNotification *)notification{
   
    //获取键盘高度
    NSValue *keyboardObject = [[notification userInfo] objectForKey:UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey];
   
    CGRect keyboardRect;
   
    [keyboardObject getValue:&keyboardRect];
   
    //调整放置有textView的view的位置
   
    //设置动画
    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
   
    //定义动画时间
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:kAnimationDuration];
   
    //设置view的frame，往上平移
    [(UIView *)[self.view viewWithTag:1000] setFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.view.frame.size.height-keyboardRect.size.height-kViewHeight, 375, kViewHeight)];
   
    [UIView commitAnimations];
}

//键盘消失时
-(void)keyboardDidHidden
{
    //定义动画
    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];
    [UIView setAnimationDuration:kAnimationDuration];
    //设置view的frame，往下平移
    [(UIView *)[self.view viewWithTag:1000] setFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.view.frame.size.height-kViewHeight, 375, kViewHeight)];
    [UIView commitAnimations];
}

-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
   
    [self.textView resignFirstResponder];
}
@end

  //创建 
     UITextField*textfield = [[UITextField             alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20,20,200,40)];
    [self.window addSubview:self.myTextField];
   
    //设置背景颜色
    self.myTextField.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
   
    //设置输入框样式
    self.myTextField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;
   
    //密文输入
    self.myTextField.secureTextEntry = YES;
   
    //设置占位提示符
    self.myTextField.placeholder = @"请输入";
   
    //设置输入框删除按钮
    self.myTextField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;
   
    //设置键盘类型
    self.myTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad;


/******按按钮键盘隐藏*********************************/
  //创建按钮
    UIButton *Button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
    [self.window addSubview:Button];
    Button.frame = CGRectMake(20, 80, 100, 30);
    Button.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];

    [Button addTarget:self action:@selector(buttonAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];

-(void) buttonAction:(UIButton *)b
{
    [self.myTextField resignFirstResponder];
    //取消第一响应者
}
/******************************************************/



/******按return键盘隐藏*********************************/
1.签UITextFieldDelegate协议
@interface AppDelegate : UIResponder <UIApplicationDelegate,UITextFieldDelegate>

2.成为代理人
哪个输入框成为代理人哪个输入框有此功能
 self.myTextField.delegate = self;

3.实现协议里的方法
//点击return建的时候被触发
通用，一个就可以给所有输入框用
- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField
{
    [self.myTextField resignFirstResponder];
    return YES;

}
/******************************************************/

/******按空白处键盘隐藏*********************************/
 //按空白处键盘回收
    UITapGestureRecognizer *tap = [[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc]initWithTarget:self action:@selector(backgroundTap:)];
    [self.view addGestureRecognizer:tap];

//按空白处键盘回收调用的方法
- (IBAction)backgroundTap:(id)sender {
    [self.studentDetailV.tf1  resignFirstResponder];
    [self.studentDetailV.tf2  resignFirstResponder];
    [self.studentDetailV.tf3  resignFirstResponder];
    [self.studentDetailV.tf4  resignFirstResponder];
    [self.studentDetailV.tf5  resignFirstResponder];
   
}
/******************************************************/

@property(nonatomic,retain)UIWebView *webView;

    //创建
    self.webView = [[UIWebViewalloc]initWithFrame:[[UIScreenmainScreen] bounds]];
    [self.view addSubview:self.webView];

   //要前往的URL
   NSString *str = @"http://www.youku.com";
    NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:str];
    NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
    [self.webView loadRequest:request];

   //成为代理
    self.webView.delegate = self;

   //自定义导航栏左右按钮
    self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithTitle:@"后退" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(leftAction)];
   
    self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithTitle:@"前进" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(rightAction)];
   
   
   
    UITextField *textf = [[UITextField alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 150, 30)];
    textf.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;
    textf.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeAlways;
    self.navigationItem.titleView = textf;
    textf.delegate = self;



//后退
-(void)leftAction
{
    [self.webView goBack];
}
//前进
-(void)rightAction
{
    [self.webView goForward];
}


UITextFieldDelegate协议方法
-(BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField
{
   
   
    if ([textField.text hasPrefix:@"http://www."]) {
       
        NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:textField.text]];
        [self.webView loadRequest:request];
       
    }else
    {
        NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"http://www.%@",textField.text];
        NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:str]];
        [self.webView loadRequest:request];
    }
    [textField resignFirstResponder];
    return YES;

}

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>//基础框架入口

#import <CoreGraphics/CoreGraphics.h>//绘图入口

#import <UIKit/UIView.h>//视图对象

#import <UIKit/UIApplication.h>//提供iOS程序运行期的协作和控制

#import <UIKit/UIKitDefines.h>//一些宏定义



NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN 



typedef CGFloat UIWindowLevel;//32位则为float | 64位为double

/*

  UIEvent 触摸事件，运动事件

  UIScreen 屏幕处理

  NSUndoManager  记录撤销，修改操作的消息

  UIViewController 视图控制器

*/

@class UIEvent,UIScreen, NSUndoManager,UIViewController;



NS_CLASS_AVAILABLE_IOS(2_0)@interface UIWindow :UIView



@property(nonatomic,strong)UIScreen *screen; 

@property(nonatomic)UIWindowLevel windowLevel;            

@property(nonatomic,readonly,getter=isKeyWindow) 

BOOL keyWindow;

- (void)becomeKeyWindow;                               

- (void)resignKeyWindow;                               

- (void)makeKeyWindow;

- (void)makeKeyAndVisible;                             

@property(nullable,nonatomic,strong)UIViewController *rootViewController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(4_0);  // default is nil



/*

 事件拦截分发到指定视图对象

 当用户发起一个事件，比如触摸屏幕或者晃动设备，系统产生一个事件，同时投递给UIApplication，而UIApplication则将这个事件传递给特定

 UIWindow进行处理(正常情况都一个程序都只有一个UIWindow)，然后由UIWindow将这个事件传递给特定的对象(即first responder)并通过响应链

 进行处理。虽然都是通过响应链对事件进行处理，但是触摸事件和运动事件在处理上有着明显的不同(主要体现在确定哪个对象才是他们的first

 responder)：

*/

- (void)sendEvent:(UIEvent *)event; 

                   

//窗口坐标系统转化

- (CGPoint)convertPoint:(CGPoint)point toWindow:(nullableUIWindow *)window;//转化当前窗口一个坐标相对另外一个窗口的坐标

- (CGPoint)convertPoint:(CGPoint)point fromWindow:(nullableUIWindow *)window;//转化另外窗口一个坐标相对于当前窗口的坐标

- (CGRect)convertRect:(CGRect)rect toWindow:(nullableUIWindow *)window;//转化当前窗口一个矩形坐标相对另外一个窗口的坐标

- (CGRect)convertRect:(CGRect)rect fromWindow:(nullableUIWindow *)window;//转化另外窗口一个矩形坐标相对于当前窗口的坐标



@end



UIKIT_EXTERN constUIWindowLevel UIWindowLevelNormal;//默认等级

UIKIT_EXTERN constUIWindowLevel UIWindowLevelAlert;//UIAlert等级

UIKIT_EXTERN constUIWindowLevel UIWindowLevelStatusBar;//状态栏等级



UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIWindowDidBecomeVisibleNotification;// nil 通知对象窗口为可见

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIWindowDidBecomeHiddenNotification; // nil 通知对象窗口为隐藏

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIWindowDidBecomeKeyNotification;    // nil 通知对象窗口为重要

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIWindowDidResignKeyNotification;    // nil 通知对象窗口取消主窗



//当键盘显示或消失时，系统会发送相关的通知:

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardWillShowNotification;//通知键盘对象视图即将加载

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardDidShowNotification;//通知键盘对象视图完全加载

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardWillHideNotification;//通知键盘对象视图即将隐藏

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardDidHideNotification;//通知键盘对象视图完全隐藏



/*

通知消息 NSNotification中的 userInfo字典中包含键盘的位置和大小信息，对应的key为

  UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey

  UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey

  UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey

  UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey

UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey,UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey对应的Value是个NSValue对象，内部包含CGRect结构，分别为键盘起始时和终止时的位置信息。

UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey对应的Value是NSNumber对象，内部为UIViewAnimationCurve类型的数据，表示键盘显示或消失的动画类型。

UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey对应的Value也是NSNumber对象，内部为double类型的数据，表示键盘h显示或消失时动画的持续时间



 例如，在UIKeyboardWillShowNotification，UIKeyboardDidShowNotification通知中的userInfo内容为

    userInfo = {

                 UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey = 0;

                 UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey = "0.25";

                 UIKeyboardBoundsUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 0}, {320, 216}}";

                 UIKeyboardCenterBeginUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 588}";

                 UIKeyboardCenterEndUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 372}";

                 UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 480}, {320, 216}}";

                 UIKeyboardFrameChangedByUserInteraction = 0;

                 UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 264}, {320, 216}}";

               }

    在UIKeyboardWillHideNotification,UIKeyboardDidHideNotification通知中的userInfo内容为:

   userInfo = {

                 UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey = 0;

                 UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKey = "0.25";

                 UIKeyboardBoundsUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 0}, {320, 216}}";

                 UIKeyboardCenterBeginUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 372}";

                 UIKeyboardCenterEndUserInfoKey = "NSPoint: {160, 588}";

                 UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 264}, {320, 216}}";

                 UIKeyboardFrameChangedByUserInteraction = 0;

                 UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey = "NSRect: {{0, 480}, {320, 216}}";

              }

*/

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardFrameBeginUserInfoKey       NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);// NSValue of CGRect

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey         NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_2);// NSValue of CGRect

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardAnimationDurationUserInfoKeyNS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);// NSNumber of double

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardAnimationCurveUserInfoKey   NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0);// NSNumber of NSUInteger (UIViewAnimationCurve)

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardIsLocalUserInfoKey          NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);// NSNumber of BOOL

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardWillChangeFrameNotification NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);//键盘即将改变布局发出通知

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardDidChangeFrameNotification  NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0);//键盘已经改变布局后发出通知

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardCenterBeginUserInfoKey  NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0,3_2);

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardCenterEndUserInfoKey    NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0,3_2);

UIKIT_EXTERN NSString *const UIKeyboardBoundsUserInfoKey       NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0,3_2);



NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END

//UISwitch的初始化
    UISwitch *switchView = [[UISwitch alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(54.0f, 16.0f, 100.0f, 28.0f)];
    [view addSubview:switchView];
   
   
    //设置UISwitch的初始化状态
    switchView.on = YES;//设置初始为ON的一边
   
   
    //UISwitch事件的响应
    [switchView addTarget:self action:@selector(switchAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
  
    //开启状态的颜色
    switchView.onTintColor = [UIColor redColor];
   
    //关闭状态的颜色
    switchView.tintColor = [UIColor greenColor];

    //圆圈的颜色
    switchView.thumbTintColor = [UIColor yellowColor];

assert宏的原型定义在<assert.h>中，其作用是如果它的条件返回错误，则终止程序执行，原型定义：


#include <assert.h>
void assert( int expression );
assert的作用是现计算表达式 expression ，如果其值为假（即为0），那么它先向stderr打印一条出错信息，然后通过调用 abort 来终止程序运行。请看下面的程序清单badptr.c：



 1 #include <stdio.h>
 2 #include <assert.h>
 3 #include <stdlib.h>
 4 int main( void )
 5 {
 6        FILE *fp;
 7     
 8        fp = fopen( "test.txt", "w" );//以可写的方式打开一个文件，如果不存在就创建一个同名文件
 9        assert( fp );                           //所以这里不会出错
10        fclose( fp );
11     
12        fp = fopen( "noexitfile.txt", "r" );//以只读的方式打开一个文件，如果不存在就打开文件失败
13        assert( fp );                           //所以这里出错
14        fclose( fp );                           //程序永远都执行不到这里来
15        return 0;
16 }

已放弃使用assert()的缺点是，频繁的调用会极大的影响程序的性能，增加额外的开销。在调试结束后，可以通过在包含#include <assert.h>的语句之前插入 #define NDEBUG 来禁用assert调用，示例代码如下：


#include <stdio.h>
#define NDEBUG
#include <assert.h>
用法总结与注意事项：

1）在函数开始处检验传入参数的合法性如：



int resetBufferSize(int nNewSize)
{
　　//功能:改变缓冲区大小,
　　//参数:nNewSize 缓冲区新长度
　　//返回值:缓冲区当前长度 
　　//说明:保持原信息内容不变     nNewSize<=0表示清除缓冲区
　　assert(nNewSize >= 0);
　　assert(nNewSize <= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
　　...
}

  2）每个assert只检验一个条件，因为同时检验多个条件时，如果断言失败，无法直观的判断是哪个条件失败，如：

　不好：


assert(nOffset>=0 && nOffset+nSize<=m_nInfomationSize);
　好：


assert(nOffset >= 0);
assert(nOffset+nSize <= m_nInfomationSize);

3）不能使用改变环境的语句，因为assert只在DEBUG个生效，如果这么做，会使用程序在真正运行时遇到问题，如：
　错误：


assert(i++ < 100);
这是因为如果出错，比如在执行之前i=100，那么这条语句就不会执行，那么i++这条命令就没有执行。

　正确：


assert(i < 100);
 i++;

   4）assert和后面的语句应空一行，以形成逻辑和视觉上的一致感。
  5）有的地方，assert不能代替条件过滤。

//UIscrollView开始拖拽的时候调用
- (void)scrollViewWillBeginDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    NSLog(@"开始拖拽");
}


//UIscrollView拖拽结束的时候调用
-(void)scrollViewDidEndDragging:(UIScrollView *)scrollView willDecelerate:(BOOL)decelerate
{
    NSLog(@"拖拽结束");
}


//UIscrollView拖拽结束的时候调用
-(void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    //在滚动的时候调用
}
 
//UIscrollView开始减速的时候调用
-(void)scrollViewWillBeginDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    NSLog(@"开始减速");
   
}

//UIscrollView减速停止的时候调用
-(void)scrollViewDidEndDecelerating:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    NSLog(@"减速停止");
}

-(UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    return [scrollView viewWithTag:9999];
    //只有实现这个方法 才能执行缩放 指定对象;
}
-(void)scrollViewDidZoom:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    NSLog(@"缩放时一直触发");
   
}


- (UIView *)viewForZoomingInScrollView:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
    return _imageView;
}

#pragma mark 当缩放完毕的时候调用
- (void)scrollViewDidEndZooming:(UIScrollView *)scrollView withView:(UIView *)view atScale:(float)scale
{
//    NSLog(@"结束缩放 - %f", scale);
}

#pragma mark 当正在缩放的时候调用
- (void)scrollViewDidZoom:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{
//    NSLog(@"-----");
}